RESUMO
More than one century after the discovery of their etiological agents, tuberculosis and leprosy remain as major health threats for humans, and the molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of both diseases are poorly understood. The elucidation of these mechanisms, and especially those allowing for the mycobacteria to systemically disseminate, should facilitate the development of new prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategies. This review is focused on the routes that Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae may use to disseminate within the human body, and the potential roles played by recently characterized adhesins in this process.
Assuntos
Hanseníase , Hanseníase/classificação , Hanseníase/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/classificação , Tuberculose/diagnósticoRESUMO
Mycobacterial infections are consisted of three categories; tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterioses, and leprosy. Tuberculosis is a systemic infectious disease involving respiratory, genitourinary and lymphatic systems caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, and M. microti). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains a significant clinical problem because symptoms and signs may be difficult to recognize and to relate to tuberculosis. Miliary tuberculosis is responsible for up to 10% of predominantly extrapulmonary cases. HIV-related miliary tuberculosis is rapidly progressive and almost always fatal without treatment. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been commonly implicated as opportunistic pathogens in patients with underlying disease or immunosuppression including AIDS. M. avium complex (M. avium and M. intracellulare) and M. kansashii are most common causes of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases in humans. M. leprae is the causative agent of leprosy, an infection of the skin, mucous membranes, and peripheral nerves. This disease is rare in Japan, yet it remains a major problem in some part of the world.
Assuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium/classificação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Tuberculose/classificaçãoAssuntos
Hanseníase/etiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/etiologia , Animais , Criança , Granuloma/etiologia , Granuloma/patologia , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Tardia , Hanseníase/classificação , Hanseníase/imunologia , Hanseníase/patologia , Linfonodos/patologia , Masculino , Pescoço , Pele/patologia , Tuberculose/classificação , Tuberculose/imunologia , Tuberculose/patologiaRESUMO
The AA. give the results of the lepromin test in 70 cases of tuberculosis in patients of the Hospital S. Luiz Gonzaga, S. Paulo. Considering positive the reactions larges than 5 mm. in the 30th day find 98,7% positive tests among males and 80,6% among females, therefore in limitis of positive attributed generally to healthy adults in endemic areas of leprosy; there semms so not to be a correlation between leprosy and tuberculosis immunity, as in leprosy the test is negative, even sin slighly bacillary cases. Dividing the cases accordingly to bodily general vigor, they find more negative test in extremely debilitated cases of advanced tuberculosis (35,2% against 7,5% in better cases) that they attribute to cachetic anergy, without epidemiological interest.